November 22, 2002
Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar.
The man who made all the difference.
&
B.R. Ambedkar's contribution to Buddhist Education in
India.
By:
Nishikant Waghmare
nishinirvana@yahoo.com
"Noble
is your aim and sublime and glorious is your mission. Blessed are those who are
awakened to their duty to those among whom they are born. Glory to those who
devote their time, talents and their all to the amelioration of slavery. Glory
to those who would reap their struggle
for the liberation of the enslaved in spite of heavy odds, car pine
humiliation, storms and dangers till the downtrodden secure their Human
Rights." - Bharat Ratna Babasaheb
Dr.B.R.Ambedkar.
Today's
Ambedkarites may have reduced their mentor to a symbol to center their
electoral campaign on, but history will view Babasaheb Bhim Rao Ambedkar
differently-as a man whose genius extended over a diverse arrange of human
affairs. Born to Mahar parents, Babasaheb would have been one of the many
Untouchable of his times condemned to a life of suffering and misery, had he
not doggedly overcome the oppressive circumstances of his birth to rise to pre
eminence in India's public life. Ambedkar was, of course, a towering leader of
the Untouchables, but he was also much more- patriot, scholar, thinker and
Founding Father of the Indian Constitution.
Ambedkar
started the Bahishkrit Hitkarini Sabha and the Samaj Samanta Sangh for the
uplift of untouchables. He led processions and dharnas for his community,
demanded separate electorates for them, parted ways with Gandhi, violently
differing with Gandhi's approach toward the Untouchables, and finally, left the
hindu fold, embracing with thousands of his followers the more egalitarian
faith of Buddhism.
India
got Independence 55 years ago, till today Dalit has to suffer for basic needs
for their day to day living i.e. Drinking water, food, shelter and Right to
live as human being in society. The Untouchables "Dalit" were denied
even Human Rights, which are essential for a bare existence of human life. They
were not allowed to drink water from public well; and even their shadow was
supposed to pollute the so- called upper Castes. The hindu social order made
the life of the Dalit miserable in every sense of the term. The hindu
Dharmashastra gave sanction to this evil Caste system and the practice of
Untochability. This continued for the Centuries.
Then
arose on the horizon Dr. BabaSaheb Ambedkar, the liberator of the Millions of
downtrodden in India. He made abolition of the Caste system and Untouchability
a mission of His life. Perhaps it would
take a rebirth by the Mahatma Gandhi to end the abominable evil of Caste. As he
himself had said: " If I do not want to attain moksha, I do not want to be
reborn. But if I were to be reborn, I should be born an Untouchable… not as a
brahmin, Kshatriya, Vaishya or Shudra But as an Atishudra, a Bhangi."
Babasaheb
Ambedkar raised the banner of Buddhism and brought back to his motherland the
Buddha who suffered an exile for over twelve hundred years. Ambedkar, a man of
provocative learning, challenged opponents of Buddhism to hold discussions with
him, and was confident that he would defeat all Pandits. He propagated Buddhism in India. He made the
provision for the study of Pali in the Indian constitution. The Government of
India had declared Buddha Jayanti a holiday mainly through his efforts. Dr.
Ambedkar was the greatest Pioneer of Buddhist revival in India.
India,
no doubt, continues to be proud of its Buddhist heritage. Since regaining
independence, Buddhist symbols like the Wheel of Dhamma and the Asoka Capital,
have become national symbols and the Mathura Buddha adorns the house of
Parliament and inspires Indian lawmakers.
The
Buddha established a classless society by opening the gates of the Sangha to
all deserving individuals, making no distinction between caste and class. The
fundamental principle of Buddhism is equality… Buddhism was called the religion
of the Shudra's… " There was only one man who raised his voice against
separatism and Untouchability and that was Lord Buddha... Buddhism is the only
religion, which does not recognize caste and affords full scope for progress.
Dr.
Ambedkar's speech on the Eve of the great conversion at Nagpur on October14,
1956, Dr. Ambedkar said Buddhism can serve not only this country, India, but
the whole World at this juncture in the world affairs; Buddhism is
indispensable for world peace you must pledge today that you, the followers of
Buddha, will not only work to liberate yourself, but will try to elevate your
country and the world in general.
Dr.
Ambedkar declared: " By discarding my ancient religion which stood for
inequality and oppression today I am reborn. I have no faith in the philosophy
of incarnation; and it is wrong and mischievous to say that Buddha was an
incarnation of Vishnu. I am no more a devotee of any hindu god or goddess. I
will not perform shradha. I will strictly follow the eightfold path of Buddha.
Buddhism is a true religion and I will lead a life guided by the tree
principles of knowledge, right path and compassion. Dr. Ambedkar denounced
hinduism, its customs and traditions and declared that from that moment onwards
he would strive for the spread of equality among human beings.
Emancipation
and empowerment of Dalits is possible only through education. The present Dalit
leadership, unlike Spartacus or Ambedkar, is suffering from intellectual
bankruptcy. It fails to criticize the ruling classes or follow Ambedkar's
philosophical and ideological roots. Nearly 60 to 70 percent of India's wealth
belongs to Dalits. It is their blood and sweat. But they are the principle
victims of the system.
Dr.
Ambedkar explained to his people that " a great responsibility had fallen
on their shoulders in connection with the upholding of Buddhism; and if they
would not follow rigidly and nobly the principles of Buddhism, it would mean
that the Mahars reduced it to a miserable state, no other person under that the
sum was burdened with such unparalleled responsibility as he was, he concluded.
Dr.
Ambedkar set the wheel of Dhamma in motion once again, spreading the message of
his Master to all the corners of the world. The Buddhists said the " the
Dhamma Chakra was set revolution by Dr.Ambedkar and it was the greatest
religious revolution which India had witnessed in modern times."
Dr.
Ambedkar dedicated himself to the propagation of the Buddhist faith in India.
He wrote a book on Buddhism titled " Buddha and His Dhamma"
explaining its tenets in simple language to the common man. His two other books
" Revolution and Counter Revolution in India' and " Buddha and Karl
Marx"
The
malafide intentions of including the Buddha in the Avatara pantheon are also
clear from the fact that the brahmins never worshiped the Buddha and no temples
were built in his honour. Logically, the theory that Buddha is an incarnation
of Vishnu is dubious one. Therefore, Dr. Ambedkar exhorted Buddhists not to
believe that the Buddha was an incarnation of Vishnu. Now even a brahmin Priest
agrees that the Buddha was not an incarnation of Vishnu. Principal Vipassana
Teacher, Shri S.N.Goenka and Sankaracharya of Kanchikam Kote Peetham Sri
Jayendra Saraswati made a joint declaration on 11.11.1999 at Sarnath that
Gotama the Buddha was not an incarnation of Vishnu.
"I
am reported to be against peace. This is not correct. I am for peace. But, the
peace, which is, based on justice not the peace of a graveyard. So long as
justice is not respected in the world there cannot be any peace. Buddhism and
Buddhism alone can save the World."
Dr.
B.R.Ambedkar a great scholar, Lawyer and freedom fighter along with hundreds of
thousands of Mahar's an untouchable caste, converted to Buddhism and changed
the face of Buddhism in India. Dr. Ambedkar's conversion was a symbolic protest
to the oppressions of caste inequality. His conversion was an intellectual
decision that would meet with the least opposition from the hindu majority.
India,
have no leader of the kind Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar, Indian Crusader for Social
Justice and Champion of Human Rights. One of the greatest contributions of Dr.
Ambedkar was in respect of Fundamental Rights and Directive Principles of State
Policy enshrined in the Indian Constitution. The fundamental Rights provide for
freedom, equality, abolition of Untouchability and remedies to ensure the
enforcement of rights.
Fifty-five
years after independence, Caste prejudices in India have not erased very much.
And now there is a deliberate attempt to revive these prejudices to their
former position.
Grundtvig's
conception about Nordic mythology and Christian "Anskuelese" may be
compared with Ambedkar's views on the original tradition of Buddhism as a
source
of inspiration. In describing the work of on Buddhism he said" we have
started this movement to develop and educate our minds" Explaining the
need for religion among the poor as a need arising for hope, Ambedkar referred
to a German professor of his, Professor Wintermitz.
"
The Watergang Rabelan Depth was the book which he recommended and by which I
was much inspired. It is only the poor, he said who need religion." Hope
is the spring of action in life. Religion affords hope. Therefore, mankind
finds solace in the religion, and that is why the poor cling to religion."
Those
who are turned to Buddhism, but remained within hinduism but wanted hinduism to
change, Ambedkar made the following suggestion:
"
You must give a new doctrinal basis to your religion-a-basis that will be in
consonance with Liberty, Equality and Fraternity, in short, with
Democracy."
Dr.
BabaSaheb Ambedkar once commented, "Dalit representatives elected from
reserved seats open their mouth in the Indian parliament only when they have to
yawn."
It
was the Buddha who, for the first time in the known history of mankind,
attempted to abolish slavery and "invented the higher morality and the
idea of the brotherhood of the entire human race, and in striking terms condemned"
the degrading caste-system which in Indian society at that time was firmly
rooted. The Buddha declared: "By birth is not one an outcast, By birth is
not one a brahmin, By deeds is one an outcast, By deeds is one a brahmin."
Dr.
Ambedkar in His book "Annihilation of Caste" reproduces his major
difference with the Mahatma Gandhi. While he was for abolition of the caste
system, prescribed by hindu sage Manu, Gandhi was for giving up caste
prejudice, and for reform of the system, so that the stigma of Untouchability
may be removed, but function of various castes remains.
As
Dr. Ambedkar could not abolish the caste system, when Mahatma Gandhi asked for
dedication on the shared cause of struggle for freedom, he asked for separate
electorates for the so-called "outcastes" whom the Mahatma called
"Harijan"- sons of the 'God'
Dr.
Ambedkar turned on Gandhi too: The Dalits leaders converted to Buddhism perhaps
the least dogmatic or hierarchic of world religions. Dr. Ambedkar's response to
Gandhi was that he wanted to treat the symptom, not the cause of the disease-
you can't abolish Untouchability without addressing the Caste and the Dharma
system, which is at the root of it.
"
Gandhiji, felt that the high castes should change their hearts: Dr. Ambedkar said
that we' ve been suffering for over 2000 years, many hindu saints have come and
gone; but nothing has changed, so he legally empowered to challenge it."
Article 17, of the Constitution that abolished "Untouchability" The
problem is if you implement it half of India would be in Jail."
There
have been many Mahatmas in India whose sole object was to remove Untouchability
and to elevate and absorb the depressed Classes, but every one of them has
failed in his mission. Mahatmas have come, Mahatmas have gone. But the
Untouchables have remained as Untouchables.
Buddhists
of India need the friendship, understanding and cooperation for uplifting
themselves and for strengthening the hands of those who are striving for peace,
equality and justice. Let the scent of the Dhamma spread in all directions and
illumine the minds of those who put much faith in steel and fire but ignore the
value of peace, loving kindness and compassion.
Venerable
Anagarika Dharampal, great son of Sri Lanka, came to India and was distressed
to find even the great Bodhi Gaya Temple in a dilapidated condition under the
control of brahmin Mahant. He struggled to take possession of Boudh -Viharas of
the Buddhist but failed owing to the hostile attitude of the British Government
and the Upper Caste hindus. He founded Maha-Boudhi Society to propagate the
Dhamma and to continue the struggle for reviving Buddhism.
Dr.
S. Radhakrishna, Late -President of India and Philosopher said; Buddhism
brought about a profound change in the lives of the Indian people. " For
us in this country the Buddha is an outstanding representative of our religious
tradition."
Dr.
G.P.Malalasekera said: Let us not forget that some of the leaders of religion
have themselves been revolutionaries. The Buddha, for instance, was one of the
greatest rebels in human history. He denied the assumptions on which religion
in His day was based and gave the religious quest an entirely new orientation.
He refused to accept the sincerity of the Vedas or the power of the Priesthood.
He refuted the illusion that human problems could be solved with sacred rituals
and incarnations. He was a sworn enemy of the Caste -System on which the World
structure of Indian Society rested. He was ridiculed and persecuted and several
attempt were made on his life.
Dr.
Ambedkar said, my final words of advice to you is " Educate, Agitate,
Organize" have faith in yourself. With justice on our side, I do not see
how we can lose our battle. The battle to me is a matter of joy. The battle is
in the fullest sense spiritual. There is nothing material or social in it. For
ours is a battle not for wealth or for power. It is a battle for freedom. It is
a battle for reclamations of the human personality.
Amedkar
was Bharat Ratna in the refuge of Tri- Ratna Buddha, Dhamma and Sangha.
Therefore all Ambedkarites must call themselves as Buddhist and nothing else.
Thus Ambedkar's whole life and mission was a practical contribution to
humanistic Buddhist education in India and not just intellectual and
philosophical which is common these days.
Though he was not a Buddhist by birth but by practice and at heart he
was a Buddhist.
BabaSaheb
Ambedkar had said Tuesday July 31,1956, at his official residence 26 Alipur
Road, New Dehli at 17-50 to his Honorary Personal secretary Mr.Nanak Chand
Rattu… Tell my people Nanak Chand: " Whatever I have done, I have been
able to do after passing through crushing miseries and endless troubles all my
life fighting with my opponents. With great difficulty, I have brought this
caravan where it is seen today. Let the
caravan march on and further on despite the hurdles, pitfalls and difficulties
that may come in its way. If my people, my lieutenants are not able to take the
caravan ahead, they should leave it where it is seen today, but in no circumstances
should they allow the caravan to go back."
The
most significant development in the resurgence of Buddhism in modern India was
the movement inaugurated by BabaSaheb Ambedkar, as a result of which mass
conversions of Buddhism have been taking place in many parts of the country.
The Neo-Buddhist is progressively gaining self-sufficiency as regards temples
and shrines, monastic leadership and guidance, educational institutions and
religious literature. In India, too,
Buddhism is
numerically
the fastest growing religion.
I,
for one, truly believe that individuals can make a difference in society. Since
periods of great change such as the present one come so rarely in human
history, it is up to the each one of us to make the best use of our time to help
create a happier world for new generation to live with peace, freedom and love
for mankind on planet earth. This century is the most important century of
humankind said: His Holiness The Dalai
Lama.
BabaSaheb
Ambedkar said: The first point, which makes off Buddha from the rest, is his
self-abnegation. JESUS insists that he is the Son of God. MOHAMMED went a step
further. He claimed that he was the messenger of God on earth and insisted that
he was the last messenger. Lord KRISHNA went a step beyond both Jesus and
Mohammed. He claimed that he was " Parameshwar" - the God of Gods.
BUDDHA never arrogated to himself a status. He was born a son of man and was
content to remain common man and Krishna claimed for them selves a role of
MOKSHADATA, Buddha was satisfied with playing the role of MARGADATA.
Buddha's
Teachings are based on wisdom, morals and concentration, which are applicable
not only for Buddhist nations but are of Universal application. He is the giver
of path of sublime promotions and reliever from painful demotions. Hence let us
all practice His teachings without hesitations walking on the path of noble
truth realization and making "Nibbana" as our final destination.
The
socio-cultural movement, which gradually transformed the original teaching of
Buddha to popular Buddhism as practiced by millions of people, needs to be
given due consideration in a study of Buddhism as religion.
"
The hindus wanted the Vedas and they sent for Vyasa, who was not a caste hindu.
The hindus wanted an epic and they sent of Valmiki, who was an untouchable. The
hindus wanted a Constitution, and they sent for me."-Dr. B.R.Ambedkare.
"
Law is secular, which any body may break while fraternity or religion is sacred
which everybody must respect. My philosophy has a mission. I have to do the
work of conversion: for I have to make the followers of Triguna theory to give
it up and accept mine. Indians today governed by two different ideologies.
Their political ideal set out in the preamble to the Indian Constitution
affirms a life of liberty, equality and fraternity. Their social ideal embodied
in their religion, denies them." Dr. B.R.Ambedkar
(All-India
Radio broadcast of speech on October 03,1954)
Buddhism
makes enlightenment the sole aim of life. This was the philosophy that Ambedkar
accepted and tried to revive. Besides this there was another reason. Buddha,
whose life and movement Ambedkar had studied, was a believer of the
educatability and the creativity of the people. Under the influence of those
teachings, the most rejected peoples of India has once risen and uplifted their
life as well as that of the whole society. If that was once possible in India,
it must be possible again. He had a solid historical basis to trust India's
ordinary folk as India's future democrats.
This
is what Jawaharlal Nehru wrote of the commitment of Ambedkar to the
untouchables: "Dr.B.R.Ambedkar would be remembered mostly as the symbol of
revolt against all the oppressing features of hindu society. In a way he
symbolized the hopes and aspiration of the oppressed and the
Untouchables."
Buddha
was the first religious leader of the world, who expounded peace and equality
in the history of man. Five precepts (Panchsheeel) of Buddha's life are
principles of building world peace the precepts Panchsheel based on Buddha's
life would help to build world peace and harmony among the Nations.
Our
Humanity is cultivated through our emotions. Each day we should look not only
to be moved by others, But also to move them through kindness, patience and
caring. Said Venerable Master Hsing Yun.
It is
my hope and prayer that we will always live a happy, joyful, peaceful life
based on non-violence, truth, equality, love and compassion, this great message
of Buddha is relevant today.
"
May Peace Prevail On Earth"
Dhammachakra Pravartan Din, October 15, 2002, Juhu Scheme, Mumbai.
Nishikant Waghmare
Peace Representative, The World Peace Prayer Society, USA
Director- Asia & Pacific, Airline Ambassadors International UN NGO,
USA
References:
Dr. B. R. Ambedkar - -" Buddha and His Dhamma" Siddhartha
Publication Mumbai, 1957.
Dr. B.R. Ambedkar - -
"Annihilation of Caste"
Dr.B.R. Ambedkar - - " Writing and Speeches" The Education
Department, Government of Maharashtra, Mumbai 1987.
H.H. Dalai Lama - - "A Human Approach to World Peace."
H.H. Dalai Lam -- " Compassion And The Individual"
Dhananjay Keer - -" Dr.
Ambedkar's Life and Mission, Popular Prakashan, Mumbai, 1971, "Revival of
Buddhism"
Dr. Prof. Ananda W.P. Guruge - - " What Is Brief Is Buddhism"
Published by Mitram Books, A Subsidiary of, Dhamma Healing Way. Inc. Monterey
Park, CA. USA, 1999.
W.J. Basil Fernando - - " Demoralization and Hope", A
Comparative study of the Ideas of N.E.S. Grungtvig of Denmark and B.R. Ambedkar
of India, A Publication of Asian Human Rights Commission, Hong Kong, 2000.
Venerable Narada Mahathera - - "The Buddha and his Teachings"
Buddhist Missionary society, Kuala Lumpur, 1988, "Is Buddhism A Religion"
Venerable Dr. K. Sri Dhammananda - - Ven. Narada Mahathera, Dr. G.P.
Maklalasekera," "Gems of Buddhist Wisdom" The Buddhist
Missionary society, Kuala Lumpur.
S. Krishna (Anand) -"The Buddha The Essence of Dhamma and its
Practice" Publication By, Samrudh Bharat Publication, Mumbai, August 2002
Dr. Baba Saheb Ambedkar… "The Man Who Made All The
difference."
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